LncRNA GAS5基因启动子区5 bp插入/缺失多态性在广西地区人群中的分布

目的探讨广西地区人群中LncRNA GAS5基因启动子区1个功能性插入/缺失位点(rs145204276I/D)多态性的分布特点,并分析广西地区人群与其他地区人群rs145204276I/D位点多态性的分布差异。方法采用SNPscan技术对289例广西地区人群GAS5基因rs145204276I/D位点进行基因分型检测,统计其基因型和等位基因在广西地区人群不同性别间的分布,并分析其多态性与国际千人基因组计划(1000 genome project)数据库公布的欧洲人群(European,EUR)、日本人群(Japanese in Tokyo;JPT,)、西亚人群(South Asian,SAS)、美国人群(Ad Mixed American,AMR)、非洲人群(African,AFR)、北京人群(Han Chinese in Beijing,CHB)以及文献报道的南京、吉林、重庆和昆明人群的分布差异。结果广西地区人群GAS5基因rs145204276I/D位点I/I、I/D和D/D基因型频率分别为48.4%、43.6%和8.0%,I和D等位基因频率分别为70.2%和29.8%。rs145204276I/D基因型和等位基因频率在广西地区人群不同性别间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。广西地区人群GAS5基因rs145204276I/D位点的基因型和等位基因频率与EUR、AFR、AMR和JPT人群比较差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),而与CHB、南京、吉林、重庆和昆明人群比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论广西地区人群LncRNA GAS5基因rs145204276I/D位点基因多态性在男性和女性人群中分布无差异,而其多态性与其他地区人群间比较存在不同程度的差异。     

Morphometry of auditory ossicles in medieval human remains from Central Europe

Human auditory ossicles, the malleus, the incus, and the stapes, are located in the tympanic cavity in the temporal bone and through forming a chain for the sound transmission from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea, they play an important role in the hearing process. Despite their clinical, phylogenetic, and evolutionary significance, the morphometry of the human ear bones has not been examined systematically. The ear ossicles are the smallest bones of the human skeleton, attaining their final size and morphology already at birth. Initially, they have been found to exhibit minimal morphometric variation, but further studies brought the opposite results. The aim of this study was to examine the morphometric variation of human auditory ossicles recovered from medieval and postmedieval subadult skeletons from Poland, Central Europe. The analysis involved in a total of 166 ear bones. Their measurements were performed on microscopic images using CorelDraw x4, according to a protocol of Quam and Rak with modification of Flohr et al. and Wadhwa et al. Our study showed a significant metric variation in the measurements taken at areas of the greatest morphological variability of the ossicles. We found that greater linear dimensions were associated with lower values of angular measurements. These results reveal the inherent variation found in these supposed functionally constrained structures. Representation of even greater number of populations, time periods, and developmental stages are needed. Further study will expand our understanding of the global scope of variation found in ear ossicular morphology and its functional implications for paleoanthropology.     

Primary resistance in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicobacter pylori</Emphasis> isolated in children from Iran

Helicobacter pylori-associated infection is extre-mely common in Iran, as in other developing countries, but few data exist on the susceptibility of H. pylori to antimicrobials commonly used in the eradication schedules in this country. This study was performed to determine the resistance rate to six antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of H. pylori infection in dyspeptic Iranian children and to recommend an updated anti-H. pylori treatment regimen to use in children. All H. pylori isolated from children who were undergoing gastroscopy were prospectively collected and subcultured to yield their susceptibility to six antimicrobial agents, by E test and disk diffusion methods. Demographic data and presenting symptoms were also collected. A prospective study was carried out from January 2003 to January 2005 with 100 strains of H. pylori isolated from children (40 girls and 60 boys; age range, 1.5 to 16 years [mean, 9.22 ± 3.25 years]); the strains had been successfully subcultured to yield antimicrobial sensitivity. Overall the H. pylori resistance rate was 95% to metronidazole, 59% to amoxicillin, 16% to clarithromycin, 9% to furazolidone, 7% to ciprofloxacin, and 5% to tetracycline. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain. There were no statistically significant differences in antimicrobial resistance rates related to age, sex, or clinical presentation. In the Iranian children, the prevalence of H. pylori resistance was very high to metronidazole and amoxicillin, moderate to clarithromycin, and low to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.     

Floating stones in a nonopacified gallbladder: Ultrasonographic sign of gas-containing gallstones

Floating stones were noted in the nonopacified gallbladder at ultrasound examination. Gas-containing fissures in these stones could be demonstrated pre- and postoperatively (Mercedes Benz sign).     

农村成年及老年人失牙情况的Logistic回归分析

目的调查我国农村成年和老年人群的失牙原因。方法对北京延庆县古城村20~80岁村民587人的口腔健康状况进行了十年的纵向调查。用Logistic回归分析法预测该组人群失牙的原因。结果年龄、高牙本质龋数、高龋齿数、牙齿附着丧失≥7 mm,牙齿存在动度和低龈下结石沉积位点百分率是有意义的失牙预测因子。龋齿和牙周病同是10年后人群失牙率的重要预测因子;龋齿是失牙的主要预测因子。结论龋齿和牙周病是导致该人群10年后失牙的主要原因。     

赤峰市中年脑卒中高危人群危险因素的城乡差异

目的 探讨赤峰市中年脑卒中高危人群危险因素的城乡差异。方法 整群抽取赤峰市40~65岁中年常住户籍居民进行面对面的访视、基本信息的收集和体检,并对筛查结果进行统计分析。结果 共调查40~65岁中年高危人群1 832人,其中城市居民950人(51.9%),乡村居民882人(48.1%),城乡居民年龄、性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);脑卒中家族史、高血压病、糖尿病、超重或肥胖、血脂异常在城市的暴露率高于乡村(P<0.05);而缺乏运动、吸烟史的暴露率低于乡村(P<0.05)。结论 赤峰市中年脑卒中高危人群中危险因素暴露存在城乡差异,应进行针对性的卒中防治策略,城市重点关注高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖等疾病的控制,乡村着重对吸烟、运动不足等不良生活方式的干预。     

Population pharmacokinetics of theophylline in very premature Japanese infants with apnoea

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the population pharmacokinetics of theophylline in very premature infants using the non-linear mixed effects modelling. METHOD: A total of 167 serum concentration measurements obtained from routine theophylline monitoring of 107 very premature Japanese infants were collected. RESULTS: The final pharmacokinetic parameters were CL (mL/h) = [6.98 . body weight (BW) (kg)(2.17) + 0.244 . post-conceptional age (weeks)] . 1.24(oxygen support), Vd (L) = 0.492 . BW (kg) and F = 0.660, respectively. Clearance was increased by 24% for patients receiving oxygen support. The inter-individual variabilities in clearance and apparent volume of distribution were 15.6% and 80.4%, respectively, and the residual variability was 34.2% as a coefficient of variation. CONCLUSION: Application of the findings in this study to patient care may permit selection of an appropriate initial maintenance dosage to achieve target theophylline concentrations, thus enabling the clinician to achieve the desired therapeutic effect in very premature Japanese infants.     

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium at a university hospital in Taiwan, 2002–2015: Fluctuation of genetic populations and emergence of a new structure type of the Tn1546-like element

Background/purposes

Vancomycin resistance increased significantly to 31.3% among Enterococcus faecium in 2006 and remained high thereafter at a university hospital in Taiwan. A longitudinal study was retrospectively conducted to characterize these vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE-fm).

中国南方汉族人群MICA-TM基因座等位基因分布

目的调查中国南方汉族人群MICA基因穿膜区(TM)基因座多态性分布。方法应用聚合酶链反应和荧光(6-FAM)自动化技术，对中国南方地区106例无亲缘关系汉族人群样本检测MICA—TM，计算基因频率、基因型频率、个体鉴别力、期望杂合性、多态性信息含量和非父排除率。结果MICA—TM基因型分布符合Hardy—Weinberg平衡，共检出MI—CA—TM 5个等位基因，即A4、A5、A5．1、A6和A9；MICA—TM A5基因频率(O．2877)最高，A4基因频率(0．1321)最低；A5—5．1和A5—5基因型分布频率分别为14．15％和10．38％。结论MICA—TM基因座适合作为中国人群的遗传标志，可用于人类学、遗传病的基因连锁分析、法医学亲子鉴定和个体识别等研究领域。     

2006年杭州市艾滋病哨点监测报告

目的　了解浙江省杭州市高危人群中艾滋病流行趋势及危险因素,为决策部门评估艾滋病防治工作效果及制定防治策略措施提供科学依据。方法　2006 年在杭州市分别对258 名性病门诊就诊者、262名吸毒者以及250名暗娼进行艾滋病病毒（HIV）哨点监测,应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对样本进行HIV筛查。结果　258名性病门诊就诊者HIV阳性检出2例，阳性率为0.8%，梅毒阳性检出53例，阳性率为20.5%；79.1%的调查对象（204人）在近3个月有非婚性行为，其中仅10.3%在婚外性行为中每次都使用安全套，45.3%的调查对象患有其他性病。吸毒人群HIV阳性率为2.3%，梅毒阳性率0.4%，42.4%的吸毒者有注射毒品的行为，其中40.5%的注射吸毒者曾与他人共用过注射器或针头，7.3%的调查对象发生过商业性行为，其中36.8%在商业性行为中从不使用安全套；暗娼人群中未检出HIV抗体阳性者，梅毒阳性率为17.6%，仅52.0％的调查对象在入妇教所前1个月与客人发生性行为时每次都使用了安全套，1.2％的暗娼为吸毒者，但无静脉吸毒史。结论　监测结果表明，HIV在杭州市性病患者、吸毒者等高危人群中流行,存在HIV传播的多种危险性因素。